Echocardiographic Cardiac Output:
CO = LVOT Area × VTI × HR / 1000
LVOT Area = π × (LVOT Diameter / 2)^2
CI = CO / BSA
SVR = (MAP - CVP) / CO × 80
SVRI = SVR × BSA
Fick's Principle Cardiac Output:
CO = VO2 / ((CaO2 - CvO2) × 10)
CaO2 = Hb × 1.34 × Arterial Saturation
CvO2 = Hb × 1.34 × Venous Saturation
CI, SVR, and SVRI calculations are similar to the Echocardiographic method.